The CATALOG START WITH command allows you to update the RMAN Repository with information about backup pieces (or archivelogs) in the specified location.
For example, if older backups have already been purged from RMAN but are now restored from tape, they can be made visible to RMAN with the CATALOG START WITH command.
Another case would be if you relocate backups to an alternate filesystem or diskgroup and the RMAN repository needs to updated to identify the new location.
If you copy a backup to another server and then restore the controlfile from a different backup, you can have the controlfile updated with information about the copied backups using this command.
You can also take a backup from a Primary database and catalog it to a Standby (e.g. when you want to update the Standby which is significantly lagging). Oracle also allows you to catalog a backup from a Standby into the Primary server if the backup / backups is/are not available on the Primary.
A few demonstrations :
Demonstration 1 : Relocated Backup Set / BackupPiece for Datafile Backup(s)
SQL> select file#, name, checkpoint_change#
2 from v$datafile
3 where name = '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf'
4 /
FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------
7 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf 7583758
SQL>
oracle19c>sqlplus '/ as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 25 22:18:20 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
oracle19c>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 25 22:18:26 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCLCDB (DBID=2778483057)
RMAN> list backup of datafile 7;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
42 Full 229.31M DISK 00:00:26 14-NOV-20
BP Key: 42 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20201114T162700
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 42
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7343626 14-NOV-20 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
53 Full 229.31M DISK 00:00:26 25-JAN-21
BP Key: 53 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20210125T221421
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 53
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7583529 25-JAN-21 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
RMAN>
-- Datafile 7 is currently at a higher SCN (7583758) then the latest backup as of 25-Jan-21
RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 7;
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=288 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=46 device type=DISK
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp RECID=53 STAMP=1062800062
Crosschecked 1 objects
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp RECID=42 STAMP=1056472020
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN>
----- both backups are no longer available on disk
oracle19c>pwd
/var/tmp/For_Restore
oracle19c>ls -l
total 318016
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9194496 Jan 25 22:14 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkv4w_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4457984 Jan 25 22:14 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkvdk_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2251776 Jan 25 22:14 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 62976 Jan 25 22:15 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221517_j0xnmoj0_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 240459776 Jan 25 22:14 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 69206016 Jan 25 22:14 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnkym5_.bkp
oracle19c>
----- backups of 25-Jan have been restored from Tape to /var/tmp/For_Restore
RMAN> catalog start with '/var/tmp/For_Restore';
searching for all files that match the pattern /var/tmp/For_Restore
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkv4w_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkvdk_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221517_j0xnmoj0_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnkym5_.bkp
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkv4w_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkvdk_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221517_j0xnmoj0_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
File Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnkym5_.bkp
RMAN>
RMAN> list backup of datafile 7;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
42 Full 229.31M DISK 00:00:26 14-NOV-20
BP Key: 42 Status: EXPIRED Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20201114T162700
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 42
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7343626 14-NOV-20 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size
------- ---- -- ----------
53 Full 229.31M
List of Datafiles in backup set 53
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7583529 25-JAN-21 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 53
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:26 25-JAN-21 YES TAG20210125T221421
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 53 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
64 1 AVAILABLE /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 53
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:26 25-JAN-21 YES TAG20210125T221421
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 53 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
53 1 EXPIRED /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
RMAN>
----- Now RMAN finds that there is one more backup in /var/tmp/For_Restore
----- RMAN also identifies that Backup Set 53 actually has 2 copies -- Copy#2 being in /var/tmp/For_Restore
----- The BackupSet is 53 but the BackupPiece is 53 at the FRA location and 64 for the Copy at /var/tmp/For_Restore
----- So, the CATALOG command has added this copy is a new BackupPiece in the Repository
RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 7;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp RECID=42 STAMP=1056472020
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp RECID=64 STAMP=1062800572
Crosschecked 1 objects
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp RECID=53 STAMP=1062800062
Crosschecked 2 objects
RMAN> delete expired backup of datafile 7;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
42 42 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp
53 53 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? YES
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp RECID=53 STAMP=1062800062
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2020_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20201114T162700_htz56nnc_.bkp RECID=42 STAMP=1056472020
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
RMAN> list backup of datafile 7;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
53 Full 229.31M DISK 00:00:26 25-JAN-21
BP Key: 64 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20210125T221421
Piece Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 53
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7583529 25-JAN-21 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
RMAN>
----- after running CROSSCHECK and DELETE EXPIRED, RMAN now identifies that Backupset 53 has only one BackupPiece at /var/tmp/For_Restore
----- Any attempt to RESTORE DATAFILE 7 would now use this BackupPiece
Demonstration 2 : Relocated ArchiveLog and Backup of ArchiveLog
RMAN> list archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCLCDB
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
286 1 119 A 25-JAN-21
Name: /opt/oracle/archivelog/ORCLCDB/1_119_1036108814.dbf
RMAN> list backup of archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
51 2.15M DISK 00:00:01 25-JAN-21
BP Key: 51 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20210125T221418
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 51
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 119 7582383 25-JAN-21 7583492 25-JAN-21
RMAN>
RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=288 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=46 device type=DISK
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/archivelog/ORCLCDB/1_119_1036108814.dbf RECID=286 STAMP=1062800057
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp RECID=51 STAMP=1062800060
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN>
----- The CROSSCHECK command finds that both the ArchiveLog and it's backup are missing
RMAN> catalog start with '/var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/';
searching for all files that match the pattern /var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/1_119_1036108814.dbf
File Name: /var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/1_119_1036108814.dbf
File Name: /var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=288 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=46 device type=DISK
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/1_119_1036108814.dbf RECID=299 STAMP=1062801628
Crosschecked 1 objects
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/archivelog/ORCLCDB/1_119_1036108814.dbf RECID=286 STAMP=1062800057
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp RECID=51 STAMP=1062800060
Crosschecked 1 objects
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp RECID=66 STAMP=1062801628
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN>
RMAN> delete expired backup of archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
51 51 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? YES
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB/backupset/2021_01_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp RECID=51 STAMP=1062800060
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog from sequence 119 until sequence 119;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/var/tmp/ArchLogs_Restore/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210125T221418_j0xnkwy7_.bkp RECID=66 STAMP=1062801628
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN>
----- After I CROSSCHECK in the new (restored) location, RMAN finds the ArchiveLog and it's backup
----- I can DELETE the EXPIRED backup
----- (note that the missing ArchiveLog /opt/oracle/archivelog/ORCLCDB/1_119_1036108814.dbf is no longer listed as the CROSSCHECK had already marked it as "validation failed")
Demonstration 3 : Datafile Backup from Standby available at Primary
----- Backup of Datafile 7 taken at the Standby
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset datafile 7 format '/var/tmp/For_Primary/datafile_7.bkp';
Starting backup at 25-JAN-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=264 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/STDBYDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-JAN-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-JAN-21
piece handle=/var/tmp/For_Primary/datafile_7.bkp tag=TAG20210125T225828 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-JAN-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-JAN-21
piece handle=/opt/oracle/FRA/STDBYDB/STDBYDB/autobackup/2021_01_25/o1_mf_s_1062802630_j0xq4pmm_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-JAN-21
RMAN>
----- The backup is then copied over to the Primary Server
RMAN> catalog start with '/var/tmp/From_Standby/';
RMAN> catalog start with '/var/tmp/From_Standby/';
searching for all files that match the pattern /var/tmp/From_Standby/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /var/tmp/From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /var/tmp/From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp
RMAN> list backup of datafile 7;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
60 Full 229.31M DISK 00:00:26 25-JAN-21
BP Key: 70 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20210125T221421
Piece Name: /var/tmp/For_Restore/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210125T221421_j0xnky0z_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 60
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7583529 25-JAN-21 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
62 Full 1.18M DISK 00:00:00 25-JAN-21
BP Key: 73 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20210125T225828
Piece Name: /var/tmp/From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 62
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
7 Full 7591636 25-JAN-21 NO /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
RMAN>
----- The Primary now recognises that there are 2 distinct backups of datafile 7
----- That in /var/tmp/For_Restore is as of CheckPoint SCN 7583529 (it has a new BS Key and BackupPiece as I have deleted and re-cataloged it for this, third, demo)
----- The one from the Standby at /var/tmp/From_Standby is at CheckPoint SCN 7591636 -- which is a higher SCN as it is a more recent backup
----- I can actualy use the backup from th Standby and Restore to the Primary
RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 7 offline';
sql statement: alter database datafile 7 offline
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 25-JAN-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /var/tmp/From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/var/tmp/From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp tag=TAG20210125T225828
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 25-JAN-21
RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 7 online';
sql statement: alter database datafile 7 online
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 01/25/2021 23:02:55
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database datafile 7 online
ORA-01113: file 7 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 7: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf'
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 25-JAN-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 25-JAN-21
RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 7 online';
sql statement: alter database datafile 7 online
RMAN>
----- So, when datafile 7 is corrupt at the Primary, I take it OFFLINE and then issue a RESTORE command
----- RMAN automatically identifies that, of the two backups, the "From_Standby/datafile_7.bkp' is more recent
----- So, the Backup from the Standby can be Restored to the Primary and the datafile brought ONLINE
----- RECOVERy is still required because the Primary database is currently at a higher SCN than the backup of that datafile from the Standby
----- So, the RECOVER command applies all Redo that is for SCN higher than 7591636 that needs to be applied to Datafile 7
----- For the duration when I had datafile 7 OFFLINE I had stopped Database Recovery at the Standby
Thus, there are different uses for the CATALOG START WITH command in RMAN
(what I haven't demonstrated here is restoring a Full Database -- either on the same server or to another server, when the BackupPieces are at an alternate locatoin).
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