In the 12c MultiTenant architecture, you can backup (and restore) individual PDBs. However, you must also backup the CDB (Root) ! You cannot restore a PDB as a "standalone" database --- it has to be restored back to the CDB.
Thus, a PDB in a MultiTenant environment can be backed-up but the Root must always be backed up.
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SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 838860800 bytes Fixed Size 8798312 bytes Variable Size 343936920 bytes Database Buffers 478150656 bytes Redo Buffers 7974912 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter pluggable database newpdb open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production $ $rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 5 06:10:17 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL12C (DBID=768045447) RMAN> backup database root; Starting backup at 05-JUN-17 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=270 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/undotbs2.dbf input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2017_06_05/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20170605T061033_dmbcjttq_.bkp tag=TAG20170605T061033 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 Finished backup at 05-JUN-17 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2017_06_05/o1_mf_s_945843079_dmbcl8fm_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 RMAN> RMAN> backup pluggable database newpdb; Starting backup at 05-JUN-17 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00017 name=/u02/oradata/ORCL12C/4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_dkj7f8hf_.dbf input datafile file number=00016 name=/u02/oradata/ORCL12C/4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7/datafile/o1_mf_system_dkj7f8go_.dbf input datafile file number=00018 name=/u02/oradata/ORCL12C/4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_dkj7f8hg_.dbf input datafile file number=00019 name=/u02/oradata/ORCL12C/4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7/datafile/o1_mf_mydata_dmbcp0wz_.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/4F793A6D323D1344E0530100007FABC7/backupset/2017_06_05/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20170605T061347_dmbcpvjr_.bkp tag=TAG20170605T061347 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 Finished backup at 05-JUN-17 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2017_06_05/o1_mf_s_945843252_dmbcqo6t_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 RMAN> RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input; Starting backup at 05-JUN-17 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=1 STAMP=945843278 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/backupset/2017_06_05/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20170605T061438_dmbcrgml_.bkp tag=TAG20170605T061438 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/archivelog/2017_06_05/o1_mf_1_15_dmbcrfq1_.arc RECID=1 STAMP=945843278 Finished backup at 05-JUN-17 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl12c/ORCL12C/autobackup/2017_06_05/o1_mf_s_945843280_dmbcrjdg_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-17 RMAN>
Thus, a PDB in a MultiTenant environment can be backed-up but the Root must always be backed up.
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