07 January, 2025

Querying the Alert log in RAC

 Although v$diag_alert_ext works for a single instance, there is no corresponding gv$ view for RAC.

However, the gv$ function can be used to execute a cursor across all instances.  Here I query for the alert log in the two nodes srv1 and srv2 and order the results by timestamp to capture messages in the last 15 minutes :  Note all the activity that happens when I CLOSE and later OPEN a PDB in one node, resulting in the other node also responding to maintain Global Resources.


SQL> l
  1  select * from table(gv$(cursor
  2                         (select originating_timestamp, host_id, con_id, message_text
  3                          from v$diag_alert_ext
  4                          where originating_timestamp > sysdate - 0.25/24 -- time filter
  5                          and message_text like '%' -- message filter
  6                          )
  7                       )
  8             )
  9* order by 1,2,3
SQL> /

ORIGINATING_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOST_ID                                                                 CON_ID
------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
MESSAGE_TEXT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
07-JAN-25 02.23.37.941000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Thread 2 cannot allocate new log, sequence 278

07-JAN-25 02.23.37.941000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Checkpoint not complete

07-JAN-25 02.23.37.941000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
  Current log# 3 seq# 277 mem# 0: +DATA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_3.270.1164520171

07-JAN-25 02.23.37.941000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
  Current log# 3 seq# 277 mem# 1: +FRA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_3.259.1164520171

07-JAN-25 02.23.38.255000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 322

07-JAN-25 02.23.38.255000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
  Current log# 1 seq# 321 mem# 1: +FRA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_1.257.1164519549

07-JAN-25 02.23.38.255000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
  Current log# 1 seq# 321 mem# 0: +DATA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_1.263.1164519549

07-JAN-25 02.23.38.255000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Checkpoint not complete

07-JAN-25 02.23.40.951000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Thread 2 advanced to log sequence 278 (LGWR switch),  current SCN: 10841502

07-JAN-25 02.23.40.951000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
  Current log# 4 seq# 278 mem# 0: +DATA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_4.271.1164520171

07-JAN-25 02.23.40.951000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
  Current log# 4 seq# 278 mem# 1: +FRA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_4.260.1164520173

07-JAN-25 02.23.40.976000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Deleted Oracle managed file +FRA/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2024_11_02/thread_1_seq_240.500.1183975081

07-JAN-25 02.23.40.977000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
ARC2 (PID:17940): Archived Log entry 1023 added for B-1164519547.T-2.S-277 LOS:0x0000000000a568cc NXS:0x0000000000a56d9e NAB:372 ID
0x46c5be03 LAD:1

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.048000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 322 (LGWR switch),  current SCN: 10841505

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.048000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
  Current log# 2 seq# 322 mem# 1: +FRA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_2.258.1164519549

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.048000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
  Current log# 2 seq# 322 mem# 0: +DATA/RACDB/ONLINELOG/group_2.262.1164519549

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.117000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Deleted Oracle managed file +FRA/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2024_11_02/thread_2_seq_221.499.1183975181

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.138000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Deleted Oracle managed file +FRA/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2024_11_02/thread_2_seq_222.498.1183975205

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.139000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
NET  (PID:15641): Archived Log entry 1025 added for B-1164519547.T-1.S-321 LOS:0x0000000000a568c9 NXS:0x0000000000a56da1 NAB:369 ID
0x46c5be03 LAD:1

07-JAN-25 02.23.41.209000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Deleted Oracle managed file +FRA/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2024_11_02/thread_1_seq_241.497.1183975551

07-JAN-25 02.27.41.986000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
alter pluggable database pdb1 close

07-JAN-25 02.27.41.997000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Pluggable database PDB1 closing

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.004000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Increasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.011000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
JIT: pid 19878 requesting stop

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.044000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Stopped service mypdb

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.208000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Closing sequence subsystem (3300983922).

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.332000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Buffer Cache flush started: 3

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.345000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Buffer Cache flush finished: 3

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.347000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Increasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.350000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
queued detach DA request 0x934eafc8 for pdb 3, ospid 19878

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.351000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration started (domid 3, new da inc 3, cluster inc 8)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.351000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Instance 1 is detaching from domain 3 (lazy abort? 0, recovery member? 0)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.352000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for domain action

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.352000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
* domain detach - domain 3 valid ? 1

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.430000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration started (domid 3, new da inc 3, cluster inc 8)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.430000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Instance 1 is detaching from domain 3 (lazy abort? 0, recovery member? 0)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.430000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for domain action

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.430000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
* domain detach - domain 3 valid ? 1

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.432000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Non-local Process blocks cleaned out

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.434000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Set master node info

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.435000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.435000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 All grantable enqueues granted

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.437000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Non-local Process blocks cleaned out

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.438000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Set master node info

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.439000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.440000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 All grantable enqueues granted

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.440000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration complete (total time 0.0 secs)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.440000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Decreasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.444000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
freeing the fusion rht of pdb 3

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.445000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
freeing the pdb enqueue rht

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.445000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Decreasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.445000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration complete (total time 0.1 secs)

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.542000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Pluggable database PDB1 closed

07-JAN-25 02.27.42.571000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Completed: alter pluggable database pdb1 close

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.713000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
alter pluggable database pdb1 open

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.715000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Pluggable database PDB1 opening in read write

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.892000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Increasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.892000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.892000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
SUPLOG: Initialize PDB SUPLOG SGA, old value 0x0, new value 0x18

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.929000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
queued attach DA request 0x934eaf60 for pdb 3, ospid 19878

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.929000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Increasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.933000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration started (domid 3, new da inc 4, cluster inc 8)

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.933000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for domain action

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.933000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Instance 1 is attaching to domain 3

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.940000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration started (domid 3, new da inc 4, cluster inc 8)

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.940000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Instance 1 is attaching to domain 3

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.941000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for domain action

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.943000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Non-local Process blocks cleaned out

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.946000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Set master node info

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.947000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Non-local Process blocks cleaned out

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.947000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.948000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Set master node info

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.949000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
 All grantable enqueues granted

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.952000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious

07-JAN-25 02.28.10.953000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
 All grantable enqueues granted

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.034000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration complete (total time 0.1 secs)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.034000000 PM +00:00
srv2                                                                         1
Decreasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.038000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Domain Action Reconfiguration complete (total time 0.1 secs)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.038000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Decreasing priority of 2 RS

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.135000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Endian type of dictionary set to little

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.213000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Undo initialization recovery: err:0 start: 3329988 end: 3329989 diff: 1 ms (0.0 seconds)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.352000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
[19878] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.352000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Undo initialization online undo segments: err:0 start: 3329989 end: 3330129 diff: 140 ms (0.1 seconds)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.357000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:3329988 end:3330134 diff:146 ms (0.1 seconds)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.361000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Database Characterset for PDB1 is AL32UTF8

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.627000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
SUPLOG: Set PDB SUPLOG SGA at PDB OPEN, old 0x18, new 0x0 (no suplog)

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.891000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Started service mypdb/mypdb/mypdb

07-JAN-25 02.28.11.925000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
Opening pdb with no Resource Manager plan active

07-JAN-25 02.28.12.097000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         3
joxcsys_required_dirobj_exists: directory object exists with required path /u02/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/javavm/admin/, pi
d 19878 cid 3

07-JAN-25 02.28.12.118000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Pluggable database PDB1 opened read write

07-JAN-25 02.28.12.122000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Completed: alter pluggable database pdb1 open

07-JAN-25 02.33.26.501000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
Control autobackup written to DISK device

07-JAN-25 02.33.26.502000000 PM +00:00
srv1                                                                         1
handle '+FRA/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2025_01_07/s_1189780406.497.1189780407'


93 rows selected.

SQL>
At 07-JAN-25 02.27.41.986000000 PM +00:00 :  I issued a command to close PDB1 (CON_ID=3) on host srv1
You can also see the "Stopped service mypdb" message on srv1 at 07-JAN-25 02.27.42

Host srv2 started writing it's messages at 07-JAN-25 02.27.42.347000000 PM +00:00 from which you can see Domain Action Reconfiguration (07-JAN-25 02.27.42.351000000 PM +00:00), Global Resource Directory partially frozen (07-JAN-25 02.27.42.430000000 PM +00:00)/

Finally, srv1 logged "Completed: alter pluggable database pdb1 close"  at 07-JAN-25 02.27.42.571000000 PM +00:00 (under CON_ID=1).

When I issued the "alter pluggable database pdb1 open" on srv1 at 07-JAN-25 02.28.10.713000000 PM +00:00, Domain Actions and Global Resource Directory actions were executed again on srv2

Finally, srv1 logged "Completed: alter pluggable database pdb1 open" at 07-JAN-25 02.28.12.122000000 PM +00:00

So, it is obvious that closing and opening a PDB in RAC also results in a number of steps to maintain consistency (Resources etc) across the instances.


01 January, 2025

3million PageViews, 303thousand VideoViews

  This blog, begun in December 2006, has now hit a cumulative count of 3million PageViews.


This Chart shows counts from the year 2011 :



My YouTube Channel, begun in January 2014, has hit a cumulative count of 303thousand views :



A Big Thank You to all the Viewers an Subscribers.


28 December, 2024

DataPump with CheckSum in 21c and above

 Oracle introduced a CheckSum parameter in 21c.   Here is a demo in 23.6.  


If I run the datapump export without the CheckSum, the behaviour is as expected :


[oracle@localhost ~]$ expdp hemant/hemant@freepdb1 schemas=HEMANT dumpfile=HEMANT

Export: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Limited Availability on Sat Dec 28 12:31:26 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Starting "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  hemant/********@freepdb1 schemas=HEMANT dumpfile=HEMANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA/LOGREP
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
. . exported "HEMANT"."MY_LOBS"                            7.9 MB   75929 rows
Master table "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for HEMANT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /opt/oracle/admin/FREE/dpdump/2917EBB8705B3129E0630100007F3D2B/HEMANT.dmp
Job "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Sat Dec 28 12:32:06 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:38

[oracle@localhost ~]$


Now this is an export WITH the CheckSum (after verifying that COMPATIBLE is 20.0 or higher) by specifying CHECKSUM=YES :

I see an additional message "Generating checksums for dump file set"

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus hemant/hemant@freepdb1

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Sat Dec 28 12:35:20 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sat Dec 28 2024 12:31:26 +00:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.6.0.24.10

SQL> show parameter compatible

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
compatible                           string      23.6.0
noncdb_compatible                    boolean     FALSE
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.6.0.24.10
[oracle@localhost ~]$ expdp hemant/hemant@freepdb1 schemas=HEMANT dumpfile=HEMANT_With_CheckSum checksum=YES

Export: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Limited Availability on Sat Dec 28 12:35:55 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Starting "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  hemant/********@freepdb1 schemas=HEMANT dumpfile=HEMANT_With_CheckSum checksum=YES
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA/LOGREP
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
. . exported "HEMANT"."MY_LOBS"                            7.9 MB   75929 rows
Master table "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Generating checksums for dump file set
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for HEMANT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /opt/oracle/admin/FREE/dpdump/2917EBB8705B3129E0630100007F3D2B/HEMANT_With_CheckSum.dmp
Job "HEMANT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Sat Dec 28 12:36:33 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:36

[oracle@localhost ~]$


After I transfer the dumpfile to another server, I verify the CheckSum with VERIFY_ONLY=YES:


[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Sat Dec 28 12:40:54 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.6.0.24.10

SQL> create directory impdp_check as '/tmp';

Directory created.

SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.6.0.24.10
[oracle@localhost ~]$ impdp directory=impdp_check dumpfile=HEMANT_With_CheckSum.dmp verify_only=YES

Import: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Limited Availability on Sat Dec 28 12:42:28 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Username: / as sysdba

Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free

Warning: Oracle Data Pump operations are not typically needed when connected to the root or seed of a container database.

Verifying dump file checksums
Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
dump file set is complete
verified checksum for dump file "/tmp/HEMANT_With_CheckSum.dmp"
dump file set is consistent
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Dec 28 12:42:39 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:05

[oracle@localhost ~]$

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[oracle@localhost tmp]$ ls -l import.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 600 Dec 28 12:42 import.log
[oracle@localhost tmp]$ cat import.log
;;;
Import: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Limited Availability on Sat Dec 28 12:42:28 2024
Version 23.6.0.24.10

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
;;;
Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Verifying dump file checksums
Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
dump file set is complete
verified checksum for dump file "/tmp/HEMANT_With_CheckSum.dmp"
dump file set is consistent
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Dec 28 12:42:39 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:05
[oracle@localhost tmp]$



The VERIFY_ONLY parameter verifies the file without actually importing the dump file.

The default CheckSum algorithm is SHA256.
You can override this by specifying CHECKSUM_ALGORITHM set to either of CRC32, SHA256, SHA384 or SHA512.